如何T细胞治疗工作
当谈到杀死癌症,T细胞是一些最重要的参与者领域免疫疗法。
典型的T细胞治疗包括从病人血液中提取T细胞。这些T细胞在实验室里被重新编程,以识别和攻击癌细胞,繁殖更多,然后注入病人体内,开始攻击癌细胞。这个过程被称为过继细胞治疗。
但有时,T细胞会被直接从肿瘤中移除。为什么使用来自肿瘤本身的T细胞?
“这些T细胞实际上可以导航到肿瘤,所以它们处于领先地位。他们肯定已经认识到癌细胞的威胁。Amir Jazaeri医学博士教授,妇科肿瘤学和生殖医学。“还有什么地方比癌症本身更能发现T细胞对癌症的反应呢?”
TIL疗法如何起作用
T细胞是一种淋巴细胞——白细胞,它能抵抗感染和疾病。
TILs或肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞,是发现于某些肿瘤内的T细胞。在直到疗法, TILs是在活检或手术中从肿瘤中采集的。然后在实验室里用白细胞介素-2 (IL-2)进行增殖,白细胞介素-2是一种促进TIL快速生长的蛋白质。
一旦发展到数十亿美元的数量,肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞输注回病人体内,在那里他们攻击癌细胞的同时保留健康细胞。在TIL输液前,患者接受化疗,以帮助TIL攻击肿瘤。患者接受密切监测。
“这不是一种对每个人都能安全实施的治疗方法,”他说Rodabe Amaria,医学博士黑素瘤医学肿瘤学助理教授。“我们做了大量的筛查,以确保心脏和肺部能够耐受高剂量的化疗和IL-2。”
这些T细胞实际上可以导航到肿瘤,所以它们在这个游戏中处于领先地位。
TIL治疗扩展到宫颈癌
直到最近,TIL疗法主要用于治疗黑素瘤。事实上,美国国家癌症研究所早在1986年就开始使用TIL疗法治疗黑素瘤患者。帕特里克·胡,医学博士安德森(MD Anderson)的首席执行官癌症医学部门他于2003年离开NCI,开始MD Anderson的TIL计划。
如今,TIL疗法被用于治疗更多的癌症,包括结直肠,胆管,乳房现在,宫颈癌。
Jazaeri最近领导了一项研究,在这项研究中,接受TIL治疗的晚期宫颈癌患者中,有近一半的患者病情有所好转。
在参与临床试验的27名患者中,有3人在治疗后没有明显的癌症迹象,9人的癌症缩小了,11人的癌症稳定下来。这些结果是如此令人印象深刻,以至于美国食品和药物管理局(Food and Drug Administration,简称fda)批准了TIL疗法的突破性设计,以加快其发展,从而使其能够更快地用于治疗更多的宫颈癌患者。
协作使扩大TIL治疗临床试验成为可能
目前正在进行TILs的临床试验肉瘤,胰腺癌、结肠直肠癌等妇科癌症。
Jazaeri说:“我们能在MD Anderson做这些试验的全部原因是团队合作的努力。”“这是MD安德森大学的成功合作,也是一项医学创新。”
请求在MD安德森在线预约或致电1-877-632-6789。
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