November 30, 2021
由于缺陷贫血而无法捐献血液?13件事要知道
辛西娅·德马科(Cynthia DeMarco)
Iron-deficiency anemia is one of the most common reasons people are rejected as potential献血者。
但是,是什么原因导致这种情况,如何预防或逆转呢?要了解更多信息,我们与费尔南多·马丁内斯(Fernando Martinez),医学博士, a pathologist who serves as medical director of MD Anderson’s Transfusion Services and Donor Operations.
什么是铁缺乏贫血?
Iron-deficiency anemia is a condition that develops when our bodies don’t have enough iron to produce adequate numbers of red blood cells.
贫血和铁缺陷性贫血是同样的事情吗?
不。贫血is the state of having too few circulating red blood cells. Iron-deficiency anemia is just one type, and the name indicates its source.
贫血can also be caused by other things, includingcancer, its治疗ldsports乐动体育 , blood loss due to injury, internal bleeding, and kidney disease.
铁缺乏贫血通常如何被诊断出?
Most people don’t even know they have iron-deficiency anemia until they try to give blood and are rejected as a potential donor. Other times, they might find out after blood work is ordered during an annual checkup.
Are there any symptoms of iron-deficiency anemia?
缺乏注意力,没有那么多能量,感到疲倦。由于铁在身体周围携带氧气是必要的,因此您也可以呼吸急促。但这也可能是由于许多其他因素,而不仅仅是健康状况。这就是为什么大多数人没有意识到贫血是来源的原因。
铁缺陷贫血的最常见原因是什么?
In women of child-bearing age, it’s usually related to their menstrual cycle. In others, it could be due to a stomach ulcer, or some other previously undetected internal bleeding. It could also be due to a condition called thalassemia, in which red blood cells contain abnormal or lower levels of hemoglobin than usual.
How are iron levels typically measured, and what’s considered a healthy range?
我们使用血红蛋白作为替代物来测量铁水平,因为铁需要产生血红蛋白。成年人的一般范围为每分解器12至18克。但是,妇女捐血的最低限度为12.5 g/dl。对于一个男人来说,是13 g/dl。
铁蛋白水平和血红蛋白水平是否表示同样的东西?
不。Hemoglobin measures your red cell count in the blood. Ferritin measures the body’s ability to store and transfer iron.
铁是我们的身体可以产生的东西,还是只能从食物中获得?
当红细胞在生命周期结束时,我们的身体能够回收铁。但是,如果您由于慢性或急性失血或缺陷贫血而贫血,则可能需要由外部来源补充。
如果某人像车祸一样受伤严重,他们可能需要立即输血。但是对于大多数人来说,吃富含铁的食物的饮食足以重建铁店。
为什么我们的身体需要铁?
People need iron for many reasons. One is to make hemoglobin, a component of red blood cells that transports oxygen throughout the body. Another is to produce myoglobin, a protein that delivers oxygen to muscle fibers. Iron is also needed to manufacture certain hormones.
什么是促进铁水平的最佳食物?
我们吃的食物中有两种类型的铁:“血红素”和“非血红素”铁。
Heme iron is found in animal products, such as:
- ground beef
- 海鲜
- liver
许多基于植物的食物中存在非血红素铁,包括:
- beans
- 豆腐
- legumes
- 许多水果和蔬菜
对于我们的身体来说,使用血红素铁更容易,因为动物产品倾向于含有高浓度的铁,而且动物组织与我们自己的组织非常相似。但是,如果素食主义者吃得很好,素食主义者也可以从非血红素来源获得足够的铁。
建立铁水平的备份通常需要多长时间?
胃肠道吸收铁的能力有限,因此我们通常建议在至少3至4周内吃富含铁的食物的饮食。如果您刚刚捐赠了全血或其他血液产品,我至少要给它8周。
Should people with iron-deficiency anemia take a vitamin or nutritional supplement?
Over-the-counter multivitamins usually contain a small amount of iron that’s well-tolerated, but it’s kind of an expensive way to build your levels back up. Iron in pill form can also have some side effects, such as constipation or a change in stool color.
重建铁水平的最佳方法是通过均衡的饮食。但是,如果您要服用补充剂,请不要与早晨的咖啡或钙一起服用,因为这些会损害吸收。另一方面,维生素C会增加铁的吸收,因此,诸如西红柿,柑橘类水果和辣椒的食物可以搭配含铁的维生素食用。
有可能获得太多铁吗?
是的。铁太多是一个严重的问题,因为多余的铁会沉积在各种器官和组织中,从而造成损害。因此,服用铁补充剂的人需要注意不要过量服用。这通常很难完成,但是is可能,因此,在开始任何新的维生素或补充剂之前,请与您的医生联系。
同样,提高铁水平的最佳方法是通过均衡的饮食。我们的身体使用许多不同类型的营养,我们需要所有这些营养素才能正常运作。
Schedule an appointment to donate blood at MD Anderson Blood Bank online或致电713-792-7777。