平滑肌肉瘤：关于这种稀有软组织癌的7个事实

软组织肉瘤从身体的软组织或结缔组织开始，例如肌肉，脂肪和血管。有数十种软组织肉瘤。成人肉瘤的最常见亚型之一是平滑肌肉瘤。但是估计每年有100,000人中有1人，但与lungor结直肠癌。

据信，平滑肌肉瘤起源于人体的光滑肌肉，包括子宫，肠，胃，膀胱和血管。由于整个身体都存在平滑肌，因此平滑肌肉瘤可能发生在体内的任何地方。

To learn more about this form of soft tissue sarcoma, we spoke withPatrick Lin, M.D.，一位骨科医生，治疗平滑肌肉瘤患者MD安德森的肉瘤和骨科中心, the nation’s largest program for bone and soft tissue sarcomas.

What is leiomyosarcoma?

平滑肌肉瘤是一种罕见的癌症类型，属于肉瘤类别，通常由结缔组织产生。平滑肌肉瘤通常在身体的光滑肌肉中形成。

What are the symptoms of leiomyosarcoma?

The symptoms depend on where the tumor occurs, which can be almost anywhere. Leiomyosarcoma often presents as a firm, painless lump in the soft tissues of the body. It sometimes causes cramping or pain when it arises in an internal organ, such as the uterus or in the digestive tract. Symptoms rarely involve the bones, except in late stages of the disease.

如何诊断平滑肌肉瘤？

The gold standard for diagnosis is tissue biopsy of the primary tumor. This can be accomplished by needle biopsy. This is when a needle is used to obtain a sample of cells from the tumor for laboratory testing.

What is the prognosis for someone diagnosed with leiomyosarcoma?

平滑肌肉瘤的预后取决于疾病的阶段。大小和转移扩散是平滑肌肉瘤的关键因素。如果癌症处于早期阶段，我们最有可能成功治疗患者。

人体肉瘤在哪里可以发生在体内？

最常见的位置是子宫，它主要由平滑肌组成。但是它可以发生在任何地方，因为所有血管中都存在平滑肌以及肠道和消化道的一部分。

平滑肌肉瘤的治疗选择是什么？

Surgery is the mainstay of treatment for leiomyosarcoma, but radiation therapy and chemotherapy are often used in conjunction with surgery. Surgery for leiomyosarcoma also varies greatly, depending upon the location and size of the tumor. But in most cases a surgeon will remove the tumor and a sufficient area of normal tissue surrounding it to ensure all the cancer is removed and doesn’t return. The extent of surgery will determine the length of recovery and need for rehabilitation.

对于刚被诊断出患有平滑肌肉瘤的人，您最好的建议是什么？

It’s important to have a consultation with an oncologist who is familiar with the disease. The pathologic diagnosis can be difficult, and sometimes review of the biopsy by an expert pathologist is needed. A complete staging is needed before formulating a treatment plan. Once we have an accurate diagnosis and stage, we can work with the patient to come up with the best treatment plan for them.

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