Lymphoma is a general term for cancers that develop in the lymphatic system (the tissues and organs that produce, store and carry white blood cells). Lymphomas that do not start in white blood cells are called non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
They may start in the bone marrow, spleen, thymus or lymph nodes and spread to other parts of the body.
非霍奇金淋巴瘤是第七个最常见的癌症，在全国男性和女性。据美国国家癌症研究所的非霍奇金淋巴瘤77,000多例新病例每年被诊断在美国。
随着早期诊断和先进的治疗方法，非霍奇金淋巴瘤具有较高的成活率。如果癌症被限制在单一区域中，它具有约83％的存活率。即使非霍奇金淋巴瘤的最高级阶段有一个生存率大于60％。
What are the parts of the lymphatic system?
淋巴系统进行抵抗疾病的白血细胞的整个身体。这包括：
Lymph:Fluid that carries lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell, through the body in a network of lymph vessels, which are like tiny veins. Lymph helps fight against infection and cancer.
淋巴结：Tiny, bean-shaped masses in the underarm, pelvis, neck, abdomen and groin. They filter lymph and store white blood cells to help the body fight disease.
Spleen:An organ on the left side of the abdomen that makes lymphocytes, stores blood cells and gets rid of old blood cells.
Thymus:Located in the chest, this tiny organ stores lymphocytes.
Tonsils:These are nodes in back of throat that produce lymphocytes.
Bone marrow:This is material in bones that produces blood cells.
非霍奇金淋巴瘤Types
B-cell
B-cell is the most common type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and makes up 85% of Non-Hodgkin lymphoma cases.
T细胞
T细胞lymphomas are rare, comprising less than 15% of non-Hodgkin lymphomas.
Precursor T-lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia
This extremely rare type of lymphoma can either be considered a form of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) or lymphoma, depending on the amount of bone marrow involvement. This disease tends to start behind the breastbone, in front of the heart. It can grow into a large tumor in the chest that can cause difficulty breathing. It is typically treated with chemotherapy.
Peripheral T-cell lymphomas
The lymphomas in this group are all rare and are derived from mature T-cells.
Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas
These are lymphomas of the skin, and topical therapy may be used as an initial treatment. There may be simultaneous or progressive involvement of blood or lymph nodes.
Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma
这种淋巴瘤是直接关系到感染HTLV-1病毒大多局限于国家，该病毒为多见，如加勒比海地区，日本和非洲部分地区。这是在美国罕见
血管免疫母细胞T细胞淋巴瘤
This type of T-cell lymphoma makes up roughly 4% of all lymphomas. It involves the lymph nodes and liver or spleen. It can cause fever, skin rashes, weight loss and infection. It progresses quickly and often recurs.
结外自然杀伤/ T-细胞淋巴瘤
This disease is usually found in the nose and upper throat, but can attack the skin and other organs. It’s more heavily concentrated in South America and parts of Asia.
Enteropathy-associated intestinal T-cell lymphoma (EATL)
This is a type of lymphoma found in the lining of the digestive tract and can cause abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. It can occur in the colon, but is more common in the small intestine. Two subtypes exist:
- Type 1 EATL子——这可以发生在人们与腹腔说ease – an auto-immune disease that causes gluten consumption to prompt the body’s immune system to attack the intestinal lining. It’s more common in people with adult-onset celiac disease.
- Type II EATL– This type is less common, with no link to celiac disease.
间变性大细胞淋巴瘤(ALCL)
This is a fast-growing T-cell lymphoma. It occurs more often in young people than adults and accounts for about 2% of lymphomas. It is categorized by subtype.
- Primary cutaneous ALCL– This subtype only affects skin.
- Systemic ALCL- 这可能会影响皮肤，以及其他器官。它是基于是否有ALK基因的变化进一步分类。ALK阳性的趋势，年轻，携带比ALK阴性更有利的预后。
Implant-associated ALCL– This is a rare lymphoma that develops in the breasts of people who have had implants. Smooth, as opposed to textured, implant surfaces carry a reduced risk. Learn more aboutimplant associated ALCL.
Peripheral T-cell lymphomas, not otherwise specified
This is a catch-all term for T-cell lymphomas that don’t fit into the other categories. These lymphomas can involve the digestive tract, spleen, liver, skin and bone marrow, but often involve lymph nodes. They are more likely to be found in patients in their 60s. They are generally widespread, fast-growing and over time become difficult to treat even after initially responding well to treatment.
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is classified also by how quickly it spreads.
Low-grade non-Hodgkin lymphoma includes:
- 边缘区淋巴瘤
- 粘膜相关淋巴组织（MALT）淋巴瘤
- Follicular lymphoma
- 套细胞淋巴瘤
Intermediate grade non-Hodgkin lymphoma includes:
- Diffuse large cell lymphoma
- Primary mediastinal large cell lymphoma
- 间变性大细胞淋巴瘤
高档非霍奇金淋巴瘤包括：
- Burkitt’s lymphoma
- Lymphoblastic lymphoma
Relapsed non-Hodgkin lymphomais disease that comes back after you have been successfully treated for Non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
Refractory non-Hodgkin lymphomais new or relapsed disease that does not respond to treatment.
非霍奇金淋巴瘤Risk Factors
Anything that increases your chance of getting non-Hodgkin lymphoma is a risk factor. Although scientists don’t know yet what causes non-Hodgkin lymphoma, some factors seem to make you more likely to develop non-Hodgkin lymphoma. These include:
- Gender: Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is slightly more common in men
- Race: Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is slightly more common in Caucasians
- Living in a farming community. Some studies suggest that certain herbicides and pesticides may play a part in lymphoma, but this has not been proven
- Bacteria or viruses, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) and the bacterium Helicobacter pylori
- Hereditary cancer syndromes
Not everyone with risk factors gets non-Hodgkin lymphoma. However, if you have risk factors, you should discuss them with your doctor.
了解更多关于非霍奇金淋巴瘤：
In rare cases, non-Hodgkin lymphoma can be passed down from one generation to the next. Genetic counseling may be right for you. Visit our基因测试页面了解更多。
Why chooseMD安德森for non-Hodgkin lymphoma treatment?
At MD Anderson's Lymphoma and Myeloma Center, our goal is to treat non-Hodgkin lymphoma with methods that are strong on the disease, but as gentle as possible on your body.
我们淋巴瘤和骨髓瘤中心每年处理超过35,000名患者就诊，将MD安德森全国最活跃，最有经验的项目之一。我们的医生，护士和先进做法供应商集中，专门只在淋巴瘤或骨髓瘤。
Drawing upon a wide range of treatments for every stage of disease, and clinical trials of novel agents, our physicians design a treatment plan that is uniquely yours. We're constantly working to bring new treatments to patients, including targeted biological agents that help your body fight the cancer.
Through our wide range of over 100 clinical trials, we have access to many treatments that are not available other places. Many of these are treatments that our experts developed or led.
对于许多患者与非霍奇金淋巴瘤，治疗的目标是治愈 - 彻底消灭的疾病，以便它永远不会回来了。对于其他患者，最有效的做法是保持击退疾病历时多年。在这些情况下，个性化的长期护理计划尤为重要。在这种情况下，除了做什么，现在治疗癌症的思想，它也在思考下一步该怎么做，什么其他的事情要考虑长期是非常重要的。
Our multidisciplinary approach brings together teams of specialized physicians, nurses, physician assistants, dietitians, social workers and many others, who work closely together – and with you – to improve your chances for successful treatment.
Groundbreaking Research
MD安德森has helped advance the treatment of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in many areas, including development of new, leading-edge treatments. And we continue to research ways to improve your health and quality of life.
在安德森的淋巴瘤和骨髓瘤中心,你benefit from one of the most active research programs in the United States. This means we are able to offer a wide range of clinical trials (research studies) for every type and stage of non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
Life is beautiful. I am drinking it all in and savoring every little sip.
MD安德森淋巴瘤和骨髓瘤中心
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma caregiver: MD Anderson saved me and my husband
MD安德森helped me achieve my family dream after non-Hodgkin lymphoma treatment
从临床试验套细胞淋巴瘤患者的利益，尽管COVID-19大流行
5 things I learned from my non-Hodgkin lymphoma treatment
非霍奇金淋巴瘤幸存者：MD安德森救了我三次
对于滤泡性淋巴瘤的幸存者，时间是在她的身边
What I wish I’d done differently during my non-Hodgkin lymphoma treatment
5个东西，我从面向B细胞淋巴瘤，而怀孕了解到
B-Cell Lymphoma Moon Shot
MD安德森’s B-Cell Lymphoma Moon Shot® aims to rapidly and dramatically improve treatment outcomes for Non-Hodgkin lymphoma patients through powerful new treatment approaches and research.
学到更多about the B-Cell Lymphoma Moon Shot